Obesity is a chronic medical condition characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, which can lead to adverse health effects. It is determined by body mass index (BMI), a measure that considers a person's weight in relation to their height. A BMI of 30 or higher is generally considered obese, while a BMI between 25 and 29.9 is classified as overweight.

Causes of Obesity:

Obesity is a multifactorial condition influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors. Some common contributing factors include:

• Unhealthy Diet: Consuming high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods, such as fast food, sugary beverages, and processed snacks, can contribute to weight gain.

• Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity and prolonged periods of sitting or inactivity can lead to energy imbalance and weight gain.

• Genetics: Certain genetic factors may predispose individuals to obesity, making it more challenging to maintain a healthy weight.

• Hormonal Imbalances: Some hormonal conditions, like hypothyroidism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can influence metabolism and lead to weight gain.

• Psychological Factors: Emotional eating, stress, depression, and other psychological factors may contribute to overeating and weight gain.

Health Consequences of Obesity:

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of various health problems, including:

• Cardiovascular Disease: Obesity can lead to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

• Type 2 Diabetes: Obesity is a significant risk factor for developing type-2 diabetes, a condition characterized by insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels.

• Joint Problems: Excess weight puts added stress on the joints, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal issues.

• Sleep Apnea: Obesity is a common risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea, a sleep disorder characterized by interrupted breathing during sleep.

• Respiratory Issues: Obesity can lead to reduced lung function and an increased risk of conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

• Mental Health: Obesity may also have negative effects on mental health, leading to low self-esteem, body image issues, and an increased risk of depression and anxiety.