Paralysis is a medical condition characterized by the loss of muscle function in one or more parts of the body. It can result from damage to the nervous system, specifically the spinal cord or the brain. This damage disrupts the communication between the brain and the affected muscles, leading to a loss of voluntary movement and sensation.

There are two main types of paralysis:

Monoplegia: Paralysis affecting only one limb or body part.

Hemiplegia: Paralysis affecting one side of the body, usually caused by damage to one hemisphere of the brain.

In more severe cases, paralysis can be classified as:

Paraplegia: Paralysis affecting both legs and, in some cases, parts of the lower body.

Quadriplegia/Tetraplegia: Paralysis affecting both arms and legs and usually the trunk as well. This type of paralysis is often associated with higher spinal cord injuries.

There are several potential causes of paralysis, including:

• Trauma: Spinal cord injuries or severe head injuries from accidents, falls, or sports-related incidents can lead to paralysis.

• Stroke: A sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain can cause a stroke, leading to paralysis on one side of the body (hemiplegia).

• Neurological Disorders: Conditions like multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Guillain-Barré syndrome can also result in paralysis.

• Infections: Certain infections, like polio or spinal cord infections, can cause paralysis.

• Tumors: Abnormal growths in or near the spinal cord or brain can exert pressure on nerves, leading to paralysis.